#ligand field
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How a brushed glaze becomes glass
A brushed glaze is an aqueous mineral suspension that a kiln turns into a silicate melt and then into a frozen glass. Color and studio texture are properties of the optical species and of how far that melt equilibrates before it freezes.
The colors on the palette are energy-level gaps: engineering pigments for permanence
A tube of paint is an electronic-structure problem plus a scattering problem, perceived by an eye. This post builds the mechanism-first taxonomy of color — conjugated π-systems, ligand-field d–d transitions, charge transfer, and semiconductor band gaps — leading with the modern synthetic pigments engineered to fix the lightfastness failures of their historic ancestors, then puts absorption and scattering back together with Kubelka–Munk.